Sunday, May 31, 2009

Gaps in the wall of the Israeli army

Gaps in the wall of the Israeli army ", which highlights the most prominent disadvantages and risks experienced by the Israeli army; and in light of the talk that has been recently in the decision-making circles about the absence of a template," People's Army "by the unsung, who was the senior leaders of the Jewish state.

The book, written by Adnan Abu Amer, at (358) medium-size pages. Deals with the most prominent failures of the Israeli military, particularly in the recent war on Lebanon. It also highlights the most important strengths and weaknesses of the Israeli army, from the viewpoint of the Israelis themselves, in various aspects, weapons, and structural, and structural, in addition to the military threat from internal and external risks.

The study shows a different picture of the Israeli army, unlike the stereotypes painted by the media, which is surrounded by a halo fabricated.

Was adopted by the writer in his study, the sources and references in Hebrew and used the figures and statistical tables, providing a new and important information for researchers and decision makers.

The definition of the institution of the Israeli army

Started the first chapter of the book with an introduction to the Israeli army by the year 1948 on the ruins of the armed Zionist gangs, and the notion of the military, adopted on the basis of defending the borders of "Israel", and take the fight to the enemy, and to rely on measuring intelligence and military superiority; followed by a review of the structure of the army , branches and divisions.

Then the writer from the burden of the defense budget, which consumes 30% of the budget of the State; whose military intimidation to external security threats to the government and society, as pressure to approve the budget increase, which amounted to about 2007 years (12.5) billion dollars. The military has blamed wasteful in the award, especially since dozens of items in the budget in private.

According to the researcher, supported by examples and reports, to increase the ranks of the army will be achieved at the completion of the soldier in the field, showing the high spirit of leadership, not necessarily through the hierarchy and rehabilitation required. Which there may be problems in the model of the leaders, and infrastructure rehabilitation of the army.

Then introduced the writer and army units and military Boqsamaa roles, including the Israeli military intelligence services, reviewing the most important intelligence failures that occurred during the military occupation and the wars with Lebanon, which had been concentrated in the failure to penetrate Hezbollah.

After that, the writer referred to the recruitment process; P, "Israel" is the only country in the world where military service is compulsory for men and women, within the conditions and terms of specific categories and, until the entry of a conscript soldier and reserve teams. But actually, more than 40% of recruits do not complete their term of office, for various reasons, which reflected negatively on the capabilities of the army, in terms of the number of personnel, training and readiness. In addition to other problems, Katsaid the influence of the religious Zionists, and discrimination against women, the decline in the motivation for military service, fighting for survival to achieve personal gain.

Then came the talk about all the weapons of land, aviation, marine and military industries, and the right to develop and modify, to maintain its military superiority.

The writer concluded his first chapter, talking about the combat creed; Since the establishment of "Israel" had to build the concepts of systematic military strategy, based on the principle of invincible army. But because of the nature of the confrontations of the war the traditional guerrilla war of attrition and continuing with the resistance, in addition to political change, technological, social and media around the world, a transformation in military strategy and security policy of Israel.

Military failures

In the second quarter, the researcher reviewed the most prominent military failures of the Israeli army. And initiated talk about the reasons for the defeat of the war in October 1973, and the resulting criticism and revealed gaps in intelligence and military time. Then came the uprisings, said the Palestinian people in the year 1987 and year 2000, and the achievements they have attained a military and political, has proved the failure of the Israeli army in deterring the Israelis in the award of security; in spite of the brutal practices pursued by the "Israel" against the Palestinians, which exposed the reality of racism and of Israeli barbarism of world public opinion. He then presented the lessons that came out with the army uprisings, most notably the Israeli conviction that there is no military solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the occupation can not continue forever. As a writer, the errors committed by the Israeli military, politically and organizationally, in dealing with the uprisings, and listed the losses Olhaktaha of "Israel", and most important of which was the Israeli withdrawal from Gaza, and the loss of a sense of security to the entire population of "Israel."

The presentation was completed by the failures of the Israeli army against Hezbollah, especially in the war last July:

Political: failed to bet on the political process in Lebanon weaken Hezbollah, the status of the Interior. In intelligence, the intelligence failed in the collection of information on Hezbollah's military strength, the size of its preparations. At the military level, the events have revealed the unwillingness of the Israeli army for the war, in terms of equipment and training.

Field: the adoption of the army, air force, a serious mistake, as there was talk of a failure of performance of the military leadership in the war arena. Add to that the Israeli leadership were not possess a clear vision on the size, form and objectives of the war on Lebanon. These failures have weakened the morale of Israeli and summoned an assessment of the war, and to draw lessons from them.

At the end of the second chapter the author dealt with the causes of the failures of the Israeli army; army is suffering from mental retardation and rigidity of the military, and a decrease in the number of troops and hours of service. The continuing confrontation between the army and the resistance for decades, led to a situation of frustration with the Israelis. The presentation of the writer's (15) and a political figure prominently in the press, "Israel", were unanimous in the failure of the army in the elimination of the resistance; doctrine because it is inherent in the moral conscience of the Palestinian people, and not merely the intention of destroying the military material.

Internal risks

Chapter III dealt with the imminent dangers of the Israeli army from the internal. Most notably the transformation of the Army of the wars to defend the borders of the State, to exercise police suppression of the worst behaviors for the suppression of the uprising and the victimization of civilians, which is weaker than the capacity of the army as a fighting force in the arena of war. The certificates included by Israeli soldiers confess to their crimes against the Palestinians, and exceptionally on the pretext of defending their presence, which dispel the claims of their leaders to "purity of arms."

Turning to the manifestations of disintegration in the Israeli army. He listed a number of security holes accidents steal weapons from military bases, and neglect of military vehicles and weapons. Then he stopped at the phenomenon of decline in the confidence of the Israeli society the army, and the internal crisis of confidence between the leaders and soldiers, as well as the insurgency and the rising incidence of mental illness and suicide among soldiers. These phenomena have forced sick of Staff, to search for formulas to resolve these problems, attempt to re-strict discipline of the army, and stop the boycott of certain leaders, and increasing military exercises, and the restoration of confidence and pride in the army, and to remove the military from the political.

Then addressed the researcher, the phenomenon of refusal of military service in the army; that is a threat to their access to the elite units in the army, and the perception of the media, and the high proportion of the names of service to 25% in 2007. And varied reasons for the refusal of Israel to serve, most notably the shift towards secular Israeli society and the well-being and the decline of Zionist ideology and religious values to him. The series of strikes on the army, which led to the decline in prestige, and the fear of resistance. And deliberately, "Israel", to combat this phenomenon, the making of a traitor out of service and who refused to prosecute, and the moral standing of the army in society, especially since the movement of service declined to become the convergence of broad support in the sectors of public opinion, NGOs and legal persons.

The author of chapter III, to address the problematic relationship between the military and political level in the "Israel." Military institution, placed high in the state of the link between the fact that "Israel" and its continued existence. Over the years, and in the light derived from the cross of war, crystallized and formal means of control of the executive, legislative and judicial branches of the army, such as the Foreign and Security in the Knesset, and the National Security Council and the courts, and commissions of inquiry have contributed to the delineation of the political power of the army. However, the security establishment, has the greatest impact in the management of the country, reflected by the number of soldiers who had come to political office, which is about the army of the body, the Executive of the State, to the decision. The "Israel" is the only country that participates in the ministerial meetings of military commanders and intelligence.

External threats

Allocated by chapter IV, to talk about external threats to the military, and foremost among which is the strategic threat to the Palestinian resistance; The resistance has succeeded in building the military organizations has shaken Israel's security, after the Hamas-controlled Gaza Strip, the Israelis are afraid of is turning a strong resistance to the army of armed threatens the very existence of "Israel", especially with the advent of the missile, which Israel considers a strategic threat which, if moved to the West Bank. Was introduced by the efforts made by the "Israel" over the seven years to reduce the threat of missiles, which ended, so far, failing to stop; thanks to the stability of resistance and its ability to develop their performance and win the support of the Palestinians, compared to the failure of the negotiating alternative to the minimum the foundations of peace.

After that, go talk to the threat of Hezbollah, which continues to pose a threat to "Israel", because of his previous and continuing enmity with them, and owned the missiles up to depth, and alliance with the opponents (Syria and Iran). There was unanimity among Israelis in the failure of the recent war on Lebanon and the ferocity of Hezbollah guerrillas, who Qaibdoa "Israel" losses, and managed to impose the rules of the game on the Israeli army.

Completed by speaking of the "arc of threats," the ocean of "Israel", of the Iranian nuclear threat, the threat of Syria and the neighboring States possesses missiles that could one day be corrected against the danger of "global jihad", which in his view, "Israel" as one of its objectives.

Then discuss the decline in Israel's deterrence; Over the decades, has succeeded, "Israel" to impose itself as a major military deterred Arab armies on the battle. But failed to deter the resistance organizations, due to a series of failures that have affected its forces, and the fragility of their internal resistance, and the erosion of its military capability, and its inability so far to restore the prestige.

After that, the writer addressed the issue of U.S. aid for "Israel." Despite the fact that "Israel" produces 12% of the global disarmament, but it received massive military aid from the United States, not to mention the material support, economic, political, and intelligence. This is due to their strategic alliance and common interests, in addition to the influence of the Zionists and the neo-conservatives to the U.S. decision. However, this assistance diminished, for ethical considerations, political and economic, which may result in a "functional role" of "Israel" for the United States.

At the end of the fourth chapter, the writer, as proposed by the military experts of the remedial steps to remedy the defects in the Israeli army. Concentrated in the mental changes in the military, the concept of security, and the structure of the army and rehabilitation.

In conclusion, the study says that despite the military progress witnessed by the Israeli army troops and arming and potential logistics, and maintaining a superior force in the region's countries combined, but that this progress coincided with the decline in the will and determination that drives all of these forces and soldiers, which has seen several fronts of war in Palestine and abroad.

Critical task Articles about the spread of democracy in the world

The author of this book is the American scientist Thomas Karotheirz. A project manager of democracy and the rule of law in a U.S. research institutes. He has published five previous books on how to recruit or deploy them in the democratic world, including: assistance to democracy overseas .. Learning curve. Also published dozens of articles on the same subject in the major newspapers and magazines. He is now engaged in a collective book on how to promote democracy in the Middle East and published in all countries.
In this new book the author speaks on the same subject but what is not common in a certain specific region.
The book is divided into five chapters, each chapter branch to a number of topics. Chapter I, for example, speaks of the place occupied by the issue of recruitment and deployment of the Democratic foreign policy of the United States of America.
Here the author speaks on several issues including: the cause of democracy and human rights, are they one thing or two things separate? Then the author speaks of the spread of democracy under the rule of Bill Clinton, and Clinton's achievements in this area.
Then speak after what America has done in the country's Serbs - the former Yugoslavia - and how it helped to establish a democratic system there, instead of the dictator Milosevic.
And then addresses the issue of concern by the U.S. policy to a large extent, namely: the relationship between democracy and the fight against terrorism. In his view, they are two things go hand in hand.
Then moves to talk about the policy of George W. Bush to explain his Government's position on this important point. After September 11 the issue of the spread of freedom and democracy and religious tolerance in the heart of American foreign policy.

Chapter II of the book, borne the title: the main factors helping to spread democracy. Here the author speaks of the assistance provided by the civil society in Western societies of Eastern Europe or the former communist to become free and democratic pluralism.
As well as explain the importance of the rule of law in those communities which were not defined, rule of law is not arbitrary and capricious rule of the one-party (Communist Party).
The author speaks of the need to deal with America's civil society in the Third World, not only with Governments. Valmthagafon trade unionists play a major role in the spread of democracy within the community because they are the elite vanguard of the nation.
The third chapter in the book Fmchris to study the current status of the idea of democracy and democratic practice as well. Here the author speaks of the many issues of the recall include: spreading democracy in the world of post-modernity. Democracy without illusions.
Then enter the copyright in-depth discussion with senior American theorists such as: Samuel Huntington, Francis Fukuyama, Robert Kaplan and Fareed Zakaria, and others. We note that the focus of the discussion to the thesis of the latter.
The fourth chapter of the book Fmchris whole to study the situation of democracy in the Middle East. It is known that this region occupies America and the world more than others because of the Iraq war and the Arab - Israeli and the problems of fundamentalist terrorism, etc. ..
The author raises the issue of spreading democracy in the Middle East gradually and not all at once. Valtdrij better because it does not shocking mentality does not lead to unrest or violent reactions.
In addition, the region has not known in the democratic governance of their lives only for a short period during the liberal era. It is therefore difficult to introduce democracy to a one-time and may lead to a sudden destabilization of the collective mentality of the people.
In the fifth and final chapter of the book, the author provides a summary overview of the subject, and general index of names and reference books that talk about democracy and the issues.